> Whenever my Mom talks to me, she talks as if I'm in grade school, in the simplest terms.

Mothers tend to do that for some reason.

> I don't agree with my parents opinion of a lot of things, and they seem to mock a lot of things that I feel strongly about.

Don't discuss those things.

> I can't help but think about the future when I'm visiting for Christmas, and I'm horrified that I'll feel like this.

It will be like that if you don't remain open to them now. And it will get much harder to change later on in life.