>>25
I'll give it a last try.
>Ballistic Missiles are in fact capible of reaching orbit.
"Orbit" being of course a ~300 km low earth orbit.
>or press a button and fire somthing from a silo
You don't have a clue about ICBMs either, do you?
Flight control for an ICBM is laid out for a ballistic curve, not for interplanetary space. As soon as the booster rocket runs out the warhead is unpowered. No course corrections by a control center, no cameras, no other sensors of any kind. And designed to split up into a dozen MIRVs.
So one would need a new warhead, a new flight control system, and a vastly more powerful booster. There's your custom build.
>if we make a miscalculation on the mass of the asteroid
(M = mass of the spacecraft, m = mass of the asteroid, a = acceleration imparted on the asteroid, r = distance between spacecraft and asteroid, G = gravitational constant)
G*M*m/r^2 = m*a
=> a = G*M/r^2
The mass of the asteroid is irrelevant for the tractor.
A nuke on the other hand gives you a fixed impulse p. The imparted change in velocity would be:
v = p/m
A miscalculation of the asteroids mass is only a problem if you use a nuke.